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    9/24/2009

    《人的境况》摘录

    The Human Condition by Hannah Arendt

    The Human Condition

    P.101

    [49] Das Kapital, III(《资本论·卷三》), 873, 在Deutsche Ideologie(《德意志意识形态》)中,马克思声称“共产主义革命……消灭劳动”(P.59),在前几页(P.10),他却说只有劳动才使人从动物中分离出来。

    P.85

    对于所有其他动物物种来说是其存在本质的生命,对人却变成了一个负担,因为人内在地“抗拒(生命的)空虚无益”。因为生命是一个沉重的负担,它实际上是被作为生命基本需要的必然性强加于人的,而没有哪个所谓的“崇高欲望”具有同样程度的紧迫性。在现代,奴役变成劳动阶级的社会状况,因为人们感到它就是生命自然状况本身。奴役生活无处不在(Omnis vita servitium est)。

    P.104

    [83]Simone Weil(西蒙娜·韦伊)……得出结论说,希望从劳动和必然性中永恒地解脱出来是马克思主义的乌托邦因素,同时也是所有被马克思主义所推动的劳动革命的实际动力。它才是“人民的鸦片”(马克思认为宗教是人民的鸦片)。

    P.95

    激励着马克思和各类工人运动中最优秀成员的希望——自由时间最终将把人从必然性中解放出来并让劳动动物富有创造性,建立在一个机械论哲学的幻觉之上,就是假设劳动力像任何其他能量一样是守恒的,如果劳动力在生命的苦役上没有消耗完,就会自动地培育出其他“更高级的”活动。在马克思那里,指引着这个希望的榜样无疑是伯里克利时代的雅典,而且马克思相信未来通过人类劳动生产力的极大增长,城邦的理想不需要奴隶来维持就完全可以实现。在马克思之后的一百年间,我们认识到这个推理的谬误之处:劳动动物的空余时间只会花在消费上面,留给他的空闲时间越多,他的欲望就越贪婪越强烈。这些欲望也会变得更加精细,以至于消费不再限于生活必需品,而主要集中在多余的奢侈品上,但这些变化都不会改变这个社会的本质,相反,它包含着更大的危险:就是最终没有一个世界对象能逃过消费的吞噬而不被毁灭。

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    wrote:
    看这几条不难懂吖
    Sept. 30

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